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Activity of the epithelial sodium channels (ENaCs) in the lung tissue plays a critical role on sodium/fluid homeostasis and the lung fluid clearance. The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase-1 (SGK1), one of the critical regulation proteins of ENaC, is activated by insulin and growth factors possibly through 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase PDK1 or/and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in both children and the elderly. Mortality from TBI is said account for 1–2% of all deaths. One-third to one-half of all traumatic deaths is due to head injury. Of those who survive, the majority is left with significant disabilities, including 3% who remain in a vegetative state and only approximately 30% who make a good recovery...
Urgent non-invasive pelvic ring stabilisation (pelvic binding, PB) in shocked patients is recommended by state and institutional guidelines regardless of the fracture pattern. The purpose of this study was to determine the adherence to the guidelines, efficacy of the technique and identification of potential adverse effects associated with PB.A 41-month retrospective analysis of the prospective pelvic...
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on repair of a critical size defect of the mandible in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Fifty rats were divided into 2 groups: saline control and dexamethasone-treated groups. A 1mm×3mm full-thickness bone defect was created at the inferior border of the mandible. Saline or dexamethasone was administered once a day for 5days after postoperative...
The treatment of a simple (AO/OTA classification 31A3.1) reverse oblique intertrochanteric hip fracture is a challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon. The surgical options include the use of side plates with various angled leg screws or intramedullary devices. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess our results of treating reverse oblique fracture with an expendable proximal femoral nail...
Operative treatment of patella fractures is frequently associated with implant failure and secondary dislocation which can be attributed to the employed hardware. Therefore, a 2.7mm fixed-angle plate designed for the treatment of patella fractures was tested biomechanically against the currently preferred methods of fixation. It was hypothesized that under simulated cyclic loading fixed-angle plating...
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) suppresses the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are implicated in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). We thus hypothesised that NAC attenuates VILI. VILI was induced by mechanical ventilation with a tidal volume (Vt) of 15mlkg −1 in isolated and perfused rat lung. NAC was administered in the perfusate prior to the onset of mechanical ventilation. A...
Fractures of the pubic rami are associated with prolonged pain, bed rest and increased morbidity and mortality. Often no further diagnostic work-up is undertaken and the pubic rami fractures are classified as stable injuries. However, fractured pubic rami seem to be only part of the picture and are often associated with posterior pelvic ring injury.This retrospective study was designed to evaluate...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the radiographic and functional outcome of orthogonal plating (two plates at right angles) via a single volar approach for fixation of intra-articular distal radius fractures with an associated radial column fracture.In a retrospective, chart-based review, we identified 14 consecutive patients with an intra-articular distal radial fracture who had been...
Transient osteoporosis of pregnancy (TOP) is a rare yet perhaps under-reported condition that has affected otherwise healthy pregnancies throughout the world. The condition presents suddenly in the third trimester of a usually uneventful pregnancy and progressively immobilizes the mother. Radiographic studies detect drastic loss of bone mass, elevated rates of turnover in the bone, and oedema in the...
Spinal injuries secondary to trauma are a major cause of patient morbidity and a source of significant health care expenditure. Increases in traffic safety standards and improved health care resources may have changed the characteristics and incidence of spinal injury. The purpose of this study was to review a single metropolitan Level I trauma centre's experience to assess the changing characteristics...
Small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IIR) injury may lead to severe local and remote tissue injury, especially acute lung injury (ALI). Mast cell activation plays an important role in IIR injury. It is unknown whether IIR mediates lung injury via mast cell activation.Adult SD rats were randomized into sham operated group (S), sole IIR group (IIR) in which rats were subjected to 75min of superior...
To evaluate the activity of visceral surgeons assigned to the Medical Treatment Facility (MTF) (role 3) in Kabul International Airport (KAIA) and identify the skills and qualifications required by these specialists.Between July 2009 and December 2010, all the patients operated by the visceral surgeons were eligible for inclusion in this study. They were International Security and Assistance Force...
To compare lung and liver injury and laboratory results in haemorrhagic shock and sepsis models treated with combinations of lactated Ringer's solution (LR), 7.5% hypertonic saline (HTS), hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and pentoxifylline (PTX).Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200–290g) were assigned randomly to one of four treatment groups (n=16 per group): (1) LR; (2) HES; (3) LR–PTX; and (4) HTS–PTX. Each...
Sacral fractures with both transverse and bilateral vertical fracture components are by definition multiplanar fractures, and often present with spinopelvic instability and cauda equina deficits. The treatment is challenging. Between 2006 and 2009, we treated nine such patients at our trauma centre. There were six men and three women, with a mean age of 32.2 years. Preoperative neurologic deficits...
Pelvic ring fractures often result in severely injured patients with multiple organ injuries. The most common associated injuries are intraabdominal or urogenital, and urogenital injuries are the most common associated injuries in those with severe pelvic fractures. Prompt and effective diagnosis and management of these injuries is essential to successful outcomes, but this is potentially complicated...
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